The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has introduced stringent new rules to manage the risks of trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Announced on 9 December 2024, these regulations aim to eliminate unreasonable risks posed by these cancer-causing chemicals, banning most uses while implementing rigorous workplace controls for limited exemptions.
Tackling Cancer-Causing Chemicals
The EPA's new rules are part of the Biden administration's Cancer Moonshot initiative. TCE and PCE, widely used industrial solvents, are linked to severe health issues, including liver and kidney cancers, neurotoxicity, and reproductive harm. Michal Freedhoff, Assistant Administrator for the EPA’s Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, stated:
“It’s simply unacceptable to allow cancer-causing chemicals to be used for things like glue, dry cleaning, or stain removers when safer alternatives exist.”
Key Measures in the Regulations
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A Complete Ban
All uses of TCE, including in consumer products and most industrial applications, will be prohibited within one year. Limited industrial uses will have longer phaseout periods, supported by a mandatory Workplace Chemical Protection Plan (WCPP). The EPA estimates this rule will reduce long-term workplace exposure by 97%.
Perchloroethylene (PCE): Phased Restrictions
The rule for PCE bans its use in consumer products and most industrial applications, with a 10-year phaseout for dry cleaning. Critical uses, such as in petrochemical manufacturing and military applications, will continue under strict safety controls.
Health and Economic Impacts
TCE and PCE are linked to a wide range of health risks, from cancer to developmental toxicity. The new rules are expected to prevent thousands of cases of cancer and other health conditions annually. While the EPA projects monetised benefits of $32.6 million to $84.6 million annually for PCE and $22.9 million to $23.2 million annually for TCE, transitioning to safer alternatives and implementing workplace protections may cost businesses $64.1 million to $102.4 million annually.
Ensuring Compliance and Justice
To engage stakeholders, the EPA will host webinars and provide compliance guidance. Special provisions address environmental justice, recognising that minority populations disproportionately suffer from exposure due to their representation in industries like dry cleaning.
