The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced a proposed rule to address the health risks associated with C.I. Pigment Violet 29 (PV29), a chemical used in industrial applications such as paints, coatings, and printing inks. The regulation, revealed in December 2024, aims to mitigate the chemical’s lung toxicity risks through mandatory workplace protections, including respiratory gear and equipment cleaning protocols.
Understanding the Proposed Rule
Why C.I. Pigment Violet 29 is Under Scrutiny
C.I. Pigment Violet 29 (PV29) is a perylene-based pigment recognised for its durability and stability in automotive paints, plastics, and industrial coatings. However, EPA’s 2021 risk evaluation identified potential lung toxicity from inhalation of its dry powder form, posing an unreasonable risk to workers.
Proposed Worker Protection Measures
To address these risks, the EPA's proposed rule under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) introduces several key safety requirements:
- Respiratory Protection: Employers must provide APF 50 respirators to workers exposed to PV29 in its dry powder form.
- Cleaning Protocols: Equipment and work areas where PV29 is handled must be cleaned within 24 hours of use to prevent residue accumulation.
- Regulated Work Zones: Facilities must designate specific areas where PV29 is handled, with clear demarcations to control access.
Stakeholder Engagement and Feedback
Public Comment Opportunities
The EPA is encouraging feedback from businesses, workers, and other stakeholders. Comments can be submitted for 45 days following the rule's publication in the Federal Register. Specific input on compliance feasibility and the effectiveness of proposed measures is being sought.
Impact on Small Businesses
To minimise the economic burden on small entities, EPA convened a Small Business Advocacy Review panel. Recommendations included tailoring requirements for entities not handling dry powder PV29 and allowing sufficient compliance timelines.
Economic and Health Implications
Costs of Compliance
The EPA estimates the annual compliance cost to range from $1.6 million to $1.7 million over 15 years, largely due to expenses for personal protective equipment (PPE), cleaning supplies, and worker training.
Health Benefits
The proposed rule aims to reduce chronic lung diseases linked to PV29 exposure, such as bronchitis. The monetised benefits of preventing such conditions are projected at $271,000 to $629,000 annually.
Future Directions
The EPA’s proposed rule underscores its commitment to worker safety while ensuring that industrial applications of PV29 can continue responsibly. Stakeholders are encouraged to provide insights that could shape the final regulation.
