Tris(4-nonylphenyl, branched and linear) phosphite (TNPP), a chemical widely used as an antioxidant and stabiliser in various plastic products, has been proposed for identification as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) by the French authorities. This designation under the REACH regulation (EC No 1907/2006) is due to TNPP's endocrine-disrupting properties, which pose a significant threat to the environment.
The proposal, published on 30 August 2024 by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), emphasises the risks associated with the degradation of TNPP into 4-nonylphenol, a compound recognised for its harmful endocrine-disrupting effects. The public has until 14 October 2024 to submit comments on this proposal.
Use and Risks of Tris(4-nonylphenyl, branched and linear) Phosphite
TNPP is commonly used in the production of plastics and rubber materials, acting as a stabiliser to protect products from degradation caused by heat and oxidation. This substance is often found in items such as PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, and other polymers, as well as in certain adhesives and lubricants. Its antioxidant properties make it valuable for prolonging the life and durability of these materials, which are widely used in various industries, including automotive, construction, and packaging.
However, TNPP’s widespread use poses significant environmental risks, especially as it degrades into 4-nonylphenol. This degradation product is known to persist in aquatic environments and can bioaccumulate in the tissues of aquatic organisms. As an endocrine disruptor, 4-nonylphenol interferes with hormone systems, potentially causing reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. The impact on fish, aquatic invertebrates, and other organisms can lead to long-term ecological damage, affecting biodiversity and the health of ecosystems.
Studies have shown that even at low concentrations, 4-nonylphenol can cause significant toxic effects, including altered growth and reproductive patterns in aquatic species. The persistence of 4-nonylphenol in sediments further exacerbates the problem, as it can remain in the environment for extended periods, continually exposing organisms to its harmful effects. This persistent contamination increases the risk of long-term ecological impact, making the regulation of TNPP critical to environmental protection efforts.
Reason for Proposal
France has proposed TNPP's designation as an SVHC due to its potential to degrade into 4-nonylphenol under environmentally relevant conditions. The hydrolysis of TNPP releases 4-nonylphenol, a substance already classified as an SVHC because of its ability to disrupt the endocrine systems of aquatic organisms, leading to significant ecological impacts. The report cites several studies indicating that even small quantities of TNPP can degrade into environmentally hazardous amounts of 4-nonylphenol, especially in water bodies and sediments.
Impact of SVHC Identification
If TNPP is officially recognised as an SVHC, it could lead to stricter controls on its use across Europe, including potential restrictions or bans in certain applications. Companies that use TNPP will need to provide detailed information on its safe use and explore alternative substances that pose less risk to human health and the environment. This designation aligns with the European Union’s broader strategy for a zero-pollution environment and the protection of public health and ecosystems.
Public Consultation and Next Steps
Stakeholders, including businesses, environmental organisations, and the general public, are invited to participate in the consultation process. Comments must be submitted by 14 October 2024 to ensure that all perspectives are considered before a final decision is made by the ECHA.
This proposal marks a significant step in ongoing efforts to regulate and reduce the use of hazardous chemicals within the EU, safeguarding both environmental and human health. The ECHA will review all comments and data submitted during the consultation period and will determine whether to proceed with the SVHC identification.
