The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed significant amendments to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) targeting the polyether polyols (PEPO) production industry. Announced on December 27, 2024, this rule aims to cut hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions by approximately 246 tons annually, including 14 tons of ethylene oxide (EtO), a known carcinogen. The public has until February 25, 2025, to submit comments on the proposed regulations.
Enhanced Standards for Hazardous Emissions
The EPA's proposal includes updated emission control requirements for EtO, a chemical now recognised as more toxic than previously understood. This change follows a 2016 revision to the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), which indicated higher carcinogenic risks associated with EtO. The proposed amendments would also enforce performance testing every five years and introduce work practice standards to reduce emissions during specific operations.
Scope of Impact and Industry Compliance
The PEPO industry encompasses 25 facilities across the United States, responsible for producing polyether polyols used in a wide range of products such as adhesives, lubricants, and pharmaceuticals. The updated rules target emissions from process vents, storage tanks, equipment leaks, and wastewater systems. If adopted, these measures will help facilities comply with stringent technology-based and residual risk requirements outlined under the Clean Air Act (CAA).
Risk Assessment and Public Health Concerns
The EPA’s risk assessment for this source category highlights that the highest lifetime cancer risk for individuals near PEPO facilities is driven by EtO emissions. The revised standards aim to ensure an “ample margin of safety” for public health while addressing cumulative exposure risks, particularly in overburdened communities.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
While compliance costs for the industry are anticipated, the EPA emphasises the public health benefits, which include reduced cancer risks and other health issues associated with HAP exposure. The amendments also align with broader environmental justice goals, considering vulnerable populations located near these industrial facilities.
Opportunities for Public Participation
Stakeholders can submit their feedback through the Federal eRulemaking Portal or via email, mail, or fax by the specified deadline. A virtual public hearing is also scheduled, depending on interest, allowing citizens and industry representatives to voice their opinions directly to the EPA.
